Al-Azhār having ISSN No (2519-6707) is the trilingual (English, Urdu, Arabic) biannual research journal of Department of Islamic Studies, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar which publishes papers in the field of Islamic Studies and Arabic having the features of creativeness and enquiry; however, it encourages the papers dealing with the Socio-Religious issues.
Department of Islamic Studies, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar.
تفسیر کبیر میں مذکور چار بے اصل روایات کاتحقیقی جائزہ
Imam Razi has earned a reliable name and fame in world of scholars. His famous work Tafseer Kabeer is considered as remarkable in the list of Tafseer bir Raye. Being a great research work, power of an argumentation and prudenciality, it is an incomparable Tafseer. Imam Razi was well versed, both in rationality and traditional religion. That is why a great number of Ahadith are found in his Tafseer. Anyhow, while referring to hadith some weak (Zaeef) and baseless ahadiths also penetrate in his Tafseer,Kabeer.The given research article critically discusses such fake tradition . The aim is to differentiate real form of the unreal and to refrain people from giving references from such Ahadiths.
اسلامی بینکوں میں رائج اجارے پر بعض اعترا ضات کا جائزہ
When we claim that Islam is a complete code of life we mean that it covers all the fields and walks of life. It not only covers rituals and worships but also deals and guides human beings in economics, politics, education, military related issues what not and what not. So, this is what the specialty of Islam. In finance, Islam has very clear cut and vivid views about financial matters. It has different mode of finance and it forbids certain other modes of finance. Whereas, the encouraged modes of permitted modes of finance in Islam are concerned, Ijara is one of them. Ijara is an Islamic financial contract and a mode of finance today. Islamic banks depends on murabaha and Ijara and try to fulfill all the conditions of Ijara under the supervision of great scholars round the country .However according to the jurisprudical aspects there are some issues which have been observed by some scholars .Many of contracts in Ijara have been observed on technical grounds .The concept of this article is to review on some of those observations which have been raised on Ijara contract which is being practice in Islamic banks. This review is based on reality and will discuss the technical aspect of this contract in the light of fiqqa . Todays finalcial system has reached to the peak and is totally different from the past decades .If we look to the modern business by islamic point of view we have to think in a border sense .
It is an undisputed fact that sermons have been the oldest and the most effective source of changing the mind and thinking of human beings. They have largely been considered as the main motivation behind constructive or destructive thoughts in human society. Thinkers of different parameters have used them for propagating their ideas. It is safe to assert that a speaker who knows the art of communication is the great asset of the nation who can play a pivotal role in launching positive thinking in his/her nation. Human psyche has been found highly vulnerable to the effects of words and sounds produced through speeches. Speeches have also been instrumental in sorting out middle paths between conflicting thoughts at different time and place in human history. This paper attempts to analyze different kinds of sermons in Arabia. It also elaborates their significance and the context which activated their emergence and the correspondent deliverance. The sermons chosen for the current study have the shades of ethnicity and pride in them. The study makes a mention of the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and also discusses the sermons of other prophets mentioned in the Holy Quran. The study concludes with various principles of eloquence derived from these sermons.
حفظان صحت کے اصول قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں
Health is a great blessing of Allah. Its due care and soundness can ensure the success of human in this word as well as in the world hereafter. In case of poor health, human can neither perform their important duties nor can they prove good citizen. They, as useless entities, remain burden on the society. This paper looks at the principles of sound health in the light of thdee holy Quran and Sunnah. It spotlights the fact that fact that only through the teachings of Islam we can intify the principles of good health and its protection. Moreoever, it explains that Islam is the only religion which emphasize due protection and significance of health.
مختلف فیہ رواۃکی مرویات کا حکم علمِ جرح وتعدیل کی روشنی میں
In accepting or rejecting a hadith, examining its Sanad (chain of transmission) is fundamental. Since the Sanad relies on narrators, a student of hadith must understand their ranks according to Jarh & Taadil (narrator criticism and evaluation). Knowing the ranks of controversial narrators is particularly delicate and challenging due to differences of opinion among the imams of Jarh & Taadil. These conflicts of opinions can arise for various reasons, and understanding them is crucial before passing judgment on a controversial narrator. Additionally, recognizing evidence of preference among conflicting opinions is vital. By analyzing the opinions of the imams of Jarh & Taadil on certain controversial narrators, the following insights emerged: Reconciliation or prioritization of conflicting opinions through evidence would be attempted. A controversial narrator's narration may be considered hassan li-zatihi (good in itself) under certain conditions, as mentioned by Ibn-ul-Qattan al-Fasi, Ibn-ul-Salah, and Imam al-Dhahabi, among others. The weakness of controversial narrators often stems from memory issues. However, if a narration is corroborated by multiple paths (tadaddud Asnad), it may reach the rank of sahih li-ghayrihi (authentic due to supporting narrations). If a controversial narrator is subjected to explained criticism (jarh mufassir), their narration is generally considered weak (daif).
Controversial Narrators. Jarh & Taadil. Conflicting Opinions. Evidence or indications of priority.Hasan (Good).
Islamic children’s literature plays an important and effective role in raising generations on Islamic principles and ethics, as it seeks to build the child’s personality on a solid foundation of great morals. It derives its teachings and upbringing from several sources, the most important of which are the Noble Qur’an and the Noble Prophet’s Hadith, so that the latter two contributed to building a society dominated by a group Of values ​​and ideals, these ideals were formulated by Islamic law to achieve religious and educational goals, in addition to other educational teachings followed by the impact left by some scholars and specialists in this literary art. Therefore, I will try to address in this article the most important sources from which children’s literature begins, to serve as a support for it through religious texts related to the Holy Qur’an, the Noble Hadith, and good influences.
Children's literature, Islamic literature, the Muslim child, literary art, religious texts, Islamic law, and children.
شاہ ولی اللہ کی سماجی فکر اور معاصرپائیدار ترقی کے تناظر میں دیہی اقتصادیات کی ترقی و تنظیم نو : ایک علمی اور معروضی جائزہ
The present paper introduces Shah Wali-Allah Dehlawi’s concept of the stages of socio-economic development (al-artifact). According to him, starting from simple primitive village life to an international community, the socio-economic development of human society can be divided into four stages. The first stage is dominated by simple economic struggle while the last stage is developed to maintain just political order on an international level, to safeguard the socio-economic interests of different states, and establish peace and justice among them. All economic ideas of Shah Wali-Allah are related, in some way or the other, to his concept of irtifaqat or stages of socio-economic development. Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising the future. It requires holistic, systems-thinking about environmental, social, and economic limitations. Governments must lead the sustainability transition through policy, incentives, and investment. But we all have a role through our individual choices and actions. By working together to rethink and transform how we live and produce, we can build an equitable society that thrives within planetary boundaries. The time to act is now.
Irtifaqat, IslamicSocial Thought,Sustainable development, Rural Economics, and Quality of Life.
A Critical Analysis of the Description of Pashtuns in Elphinstone’s Book “An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul”
This article presents a critical analysis of Mountstuart Elphinstone’s seminal work, An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul (1815), which is regarded as one of the earliest and most comprehensive colonial accounts of the Pashtuns, referred to as Afghans throughout the text. Elphinstone’s observations cover various aspects of Pashtun life, including the characteristics of different Pashtun tribes, their language and literature, folklore, and the sociocultural practices that define Pashtunwali, such as hospitality, shelter, and the code of revenge. His detailed descriptions extend to the customs surrounding Pashtun betrothal and marriage, birth and funeral ceremonies, and the traditional attire of Pashtun men and women, with a particular focus on the socioeconomic conditions of Pashtun women during the early 19th century. However, Elphinstone’s portrayal is deeply embedded within the frameworks of colonialism and orientalism, raising critical questions about the accuracy and objectivity of his depictions. This article argues that while Elphinstone’s account provides valuable insights into Pashtun culture, it is often marred by biases, stereotypes, and the colonial agenda of his time. By critically examining his descriptions, this study seeks to uncover the complexities of Pashtun identity as depicted in colonial literature and calls for a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of Pashtun history. In doing so, it emphasizes the need for contemporary scholars to engage with a diverse range of perspectives to challenge prevailing narratives and contribute to a more accurate representation of Pashtun heritage. Key Words: Afghans, Pashtuns, Pashtunwali, Hospitality, Revenge, Elphinstone
دور الرهبان البوذيين في الإبادة الجماعية للروهينجا (دراسة تحليلية)
This research paper explores the role of Buddhist monks and the Tatmadaw in the genocide of the Rohingya in Myanmar. Rohingya children, youth, the elderly, and women have been facing horrific and unreasonable inhumane conditions at the hands of the Buddhist majority and the Tatmadaw for decades. Organized measures are being carried out against the Rohingya, such as massacres, physical and psychological torture, and religious and cultural exploitation, to eradicate the ethnic and cultural identity of the Rohingya Muslims. In fact, the Rohingya are victims of the crime of genocide. Genocide was declared an international crime in the United Nations Convention on Genocide in 1948. The Rohingya genocide is taking place in Rakhine State (formerly Arakan) in Myanmar. Unfortunately, the international community is not making any serious practical attempts to prevent violations of international law regarding genocide. Therefore, the situation of the Rohingya is worsening day by day in Myanmar. One hundred and thirty-five national ethnic groups were identified in the 1982 Citizenship Law in Myanmar, but the name Rohingya was deliberately omitted from this list. Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, presented the philosophy of peace, harmony, and non-violence. However, it is surprising that some extremist Buddhist monks in Myanmar openly violate the moral values of their religion under the government's and Tatmadaw's umbrella. The Rohingya are forced to migrate to other countries. In fact, some Buddhist monks have been openly violating international genocide laws and Buddhist religious teachings for decades.
Rohingya, Myanmar, Genocide, Tatmadaw, Theravada, Monks, International Crime, Citizenship Law, Racial Discrimination.
فتاویٰ اہل حدیث از حافظ عبداللہ محدث روپڑی کی علمی و عملی زندگی کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Hafiz Abdullah Ropri is counted among the great scholars of the Indian subcontinent in the 14th century Hijri. He gained fame as a Quranic interpreter, contemporary scholar, mujtahid of his time, eminent teacher, and a renowned Islamic jurist. Due to his knowledge of Hadith and services related to Hadith, he is remembered as the scholar Ropri. Hafiz Abdullah Ropri himself was a diligent scholar who had a deep understanding of Sharia issues. He wanted to keep the door of ijtihad open for Muslims so that they could face all challenges with ease and guide the ummah for the future. However, for a mujtahid, it is essential to have complete access to the Quran, Hadith, Arabic grammar, principles of interpretation, and principles of jurisprudence. Hafiz Abdullah Ropri's expertise in Islamic sciences is rooted in thorough research, a profound understanding of the sources of Sharia, and awareness of the opinions of early scholars.
Chitral-Shandoor /Baroghal Pass: Karakoram Highway and Central Asian Republics Human / Physical Connectivity
The Baroghil pass connects the Northwestern District, Upper Chitral of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Afghan Wakhan, a narrow strip, that separates Pakistan from Tajikistan and connects Afghanistan with China. Almost a thousand years ago the nomadic pastoral Turkic tribes from the Central Asian steppes began migrating westwards to Anatolia and towards Wakhan in the southeast. Around ten million pastoral nomadic people, mostly Turkic-speaking Muslims including Kirghiz, Kazakh, Turkmen, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Nogai, Karachai, and others, inhabited large expanses of the arid and semi-arid steppes of Turan/Central Asia. Migration, in modern times, culminated in the arrival of a small number of Turkic Central Asians to Anatolia marking the end of a significant historical process. Turkey, because of her historic, ethnolinguistic, and cultural ties to the peoples of Central Asia, has traditionally offered refuge to the Turkic peoples displaced by the Russian and Chinese Communist revolutions. Haji Rahman Qul, the Kirghiz request for immigration to Turkeyia, received an especially favorable review when their plight was brought to the attention of General Kenan Evren, the president of Turkey, during his 1981 official visit to Pakistan. The Kirghiz community, along with nearly 3,000 other Afghan refugees of Turkic origin, was accepted for resettlement in Turkey. The arrangements for their transfer were made remarkably quickly and the Kirghiz were airlifted on August 3, 1982, to Adana. Political situations/borders at times created hurdles and on other occasions accelerated human migration/connectivity. The paper assesses the correlation between human/physical migration/ connectivity.
The Process of Democratization and Role of Opposition Parties in Pakistan (2013-2018)
Pakistan, after its creation, has witnessed many hurdles in establishment of democracy. Although the opposition parties tried their level best to strengthen democracy but the hybrid democratic rule and direct military rule has hampered the process of democratization in the country. It is evident that the military rule in Pakistan is driven by political motives i.e., to seize political power and disrupt political development. Significantly, democracy faced a blow by the unconstitutional and undemocratic actions of the non-political forces for political control. Despite all these challenges the opposition has had its crucial role in the restoration of the democracy. It’s their effort which has prevented the complete elimination and subversion of democracy in Pakistan. The democratic transition in Pakistan took place in 2008 election resulting in a peaceful transition of power to the elected representative. This situation paved the way for a better and more reliable democratic system in the country. It was for the first time that the opposition and government emerged on the same page. Consensus politics between the two major political parties feared the deep state, which in return disturbed their partnership by backing a third political party and religious groups and judiciary as non- political oppositions. The paper examines the role of opposition parties in the democratization process in the said particular period in a chronological way and highlighting the constructive and destructive approach of the two important entities inside and outside the parliament.
National Assembly, Political Leaders, General Elections 2013 and 2018, APS episode, Opposition Solidarity
DISMANTLING OF THE NAP GOVERNMENT: A CRITICAL REVIEW
The removal of NAP (National Awami Party) government in Baluchistan in February 1973 marked a significant milestone in Pakistan’s political arena. It highlighted the strained relations between the central government and Baluchistan, particularly the conflict between Prime Minster Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the then NAP leadership. Key causes of the dismissal included, the London Plan allegation, the Coast Guard operation, tribal conflicts and the alleged discovery of Iraqi arms cache. The after math saw violent reactions from Baluch nationalists leading to the formation of Baluch people’s Liberation Front and heightened political tensions across Pakistan. The dismissal also strained Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan. Overall, this event had far reaching consequences for Pakistan’s political stability and regional diplomacy.
Baluchistan, NAP, Provincial autonomy, Baluch Nationalist Movement, Pak-Afghan relations.
تفسیرکے لغوی معانی، اصطلاحی مفہوم اوراقسام تفسیر
The Holy Quran is the word of Allah. Which is the most reliable word. The Holy Quran is the light of guidance for all mankind. Allah is the Wise, He has revealed orders for the welfare and success of His servants. Most of the orders in the Holy Quran have been revealed by Allah Almighty in their entirety. Some of the orders have been further elaborated and interpreted by Allah Himself in the Holy Quran, Similarly, the blessed life and good life of the Prophet are also the interpretation of the Holy Quran, because Allah Almighty has sent him as the interpreter of the Holy Quran, The interpretation of the Holy Quran and the understanding of the Quran as a chain started from the time of the Prophet, The time of the Companions(Sahaba kiram), the followers (Tabiaeen)and the followers of followers(Taba Tabeaeen) was the time of good times, These people have done a lot of service to the Holy Quran and made the understanding of the Quran easy for the entire Ummah. The Holy Quran is a miracle book. The mysteries and secrets and new charms of the Holy Quran are appearing day by day and will continue to be. Until now, this process of interpretation and understanding of the Holy Quran continues and will continue until the Resurrection(Qiyamat). The person is very lucky who keeps his relationship with the Holy Quran. Like other most important debates, this is also an important debate that the literal meaning of Tafsir, the definition of Tafsir in the term of religious scholars and people of Islam and the types of Tafsir. My PhD thesis is related to Tafsir. That is why I have chosen this discussion as a research topic.
Depiction of Muslims’ Identity in The Blind Man’s Garden with Special Focus on Mikal
September 11, 2001, is a dark day in the modern history of Muslims because they were projected as terrorists and extremists soon after the violent attacks in the United States on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the US military headquarters. These events catalyzed violence around the world by both nation-states and non-state actors. These events have been widely interpreted as pivoting on issues related to religious identities. Subsequently, several novels have been published that have given attention to these identities. A number of which have been produced by writers particularly associated with Pakistan, the world’s fifth most populous nation. The present article provides a dramatistic analysis of the personae created in The Blind Man’s Garden to highlight the ways in which contemporary fiction depict specific kind of images about Muslim identity. It also studied how this novel constitutes assumptions about Muslim identity. Mostly, this novel portrays violent Muslim identity. After reading this novel one can feel the absence of representations of peaceful, devout, pragmatic Muslims within Pakistan. It showed how, regardless of the ways in which the motivations of characters are portrayed, Islam is associated with violence through scenic means, even though the representations of violence portrayed in these religious scenes typically violate Islamic doctrine and the history of the true followers of Islam.
Portrayal of Religious Harmoney AMINA’S VOICE by Henna Khan
Religious identity as portrayed in the Western media and in the media of US is paradoxical and Muslims living there are much worried because of it. On the one end peaceful and progressive identity is presented in the media by showing them worshiping peacefully and participating in social activities on a large scale. On the other hand, bearded Muslims are being presented as barbaric, uncivilized and inhumane. The few involved in criminal activities are presented as representatives of all the Muslims. Media do not bifurcate between the criminal segments of the society and peaceful and true followers of the religion. There must be some clear-cut bifurcation, which is very unfortunately missing. This paradox of identity portrayal is worrying Muslims and non-Muslim across the globe(Saeed, 2002). Both Muslims and non-Muslims find it difficult to assert the exact identity and the type of religious people. Amina’s Voice is a novel written by Hena Khan. It takes place almost exclusively in the United States, and focuses primarily on people whose families have left their previous national cultures and moved permanently to the United States. The major theme of the novel is religious harmony and religious identity maintained in a very peaceful atmosphere. In this novel there is a message for human beings across the globe that one can and one should maintain his/ her identity and religious identity in particular but not at the cost of others. The novel dramatizes how this goal might be achieved through interfaith harmony and by respecting each other.
صعوبات الدعوة الدينية المعاصرة، وإستتراتيجيتها المؤثرة
Dawah (دعوة) is the duty of prophets and messengers of Allah who are ambassadors of his Lord. It is the job of the heirs of the prophets and is the best among all good deeds after faith. The consequences of Dawah appear in society in the form of correction of false beliefs, unity of Muslims, removal of various forms of polytheism, realization of truth and falsehood, enjoining good and forbidding evil as well as jihad for the sake of Allah to remove the obstacles in the path of Allah. It is self-evident that every virtuous cause faces multiple obstacles which try to mitigate them. Similarly, the process of Dawah in the contemporary age is facing various types of complications due to socio-political and economic advancement around the world. These problems differ from one country to strength and weakness, as well as manifestations and methods of treatment. However, the most common obstacles include mockery of the da'i when calling to Allah Almighty, ignorance, illiteracy, deviant sects, accusations and stabbings, affliction and tribulations, sectarian fanaticism, jurisprudential disputes, Islam phobia, economic problems, lack of suitable environment in which the da'wa grows, and the failure to provide a decent life for the contemporary data concerning others. This research paper will address these obstacles and will provide solutions in the light of the holy Quran wa sunnah.
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Towards Brotherly Islamic Countries of Central Asia after 9/11
Pakistan enjoys a long history of region-based relations with Central Asia Republics. After its independence, both regions re-established their relations.USA and India are afraid that Pakistan will be the leader of the Muslim bloc which is why they project India as a regional source of repression to be an option for Central Asia than Pakistan which was achieved by her and Pakistan up to some extent failed to play its desired goal due to its policy's lapse.
Historical perspective of rise and fall of Islamic Rule in Central Asia
The Muslims advance in Central Asia after the death of the holy prophet Mohammad (PBUH). The Saracens Crossed the river Oxus, overrun the near east and Sassanian Empire, killing Yazdigard III in Marv in 651. Qutaiba was sent to Central Asia by Abdul Malik the son of the Caliph Walid. Samarkand, Tashkent, Bulkh, Farghana and Bukhara valley was under the sway of Islam by him. The princes of these valleys surrendered and agreed to pay honor to Caliph. Muslim rule spread in the region up to 1500 but Russian thrown out Islamic rule up to 1717. Objective of this research is to highlight rise and fall of Islamic rule in Central Asia. To achieve the objective analytical and descriptive methodology is used. This research concluded that Islam came to the region in 651 which is still alive in the region.
مجوزہ وقف قوانین کا تعارف ( نئے قوانین کے نفاذ کی ضرورت اور مطلوبہ مقاصد)
Waqf is a charity work. Our religion guides us to help needy people. Waqf means dedicating their money to hospitals, shrines, needy and poor peoples, and other pious work for the sake of Islam and the welfare of humanity, that s why ulema set rules for the waqf properties. In this article, the needs and objectives of new waqf laws have been discussed.in this paper rules and regulations of waqf have been discussed and as analysis of enacted 1979, and 2020 waqf laws in Pakistan.
waqf laws, charity work, 1979 and 2020 waqf laws, needs and objectives.
بيان خطإ أبي إسحاق السبيعي في حديث الجنب ينام ولا يمسّ ماءً دراسة حديثية نقدية
This study examines the question of whether Prophet Muhammad ﷺ would perform ablution (wudu) before sleeping after engaging in marital relations or if he would sleep without performing ablution. This topic is based on a hadith narrated by Umm al-Mu'minin Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) and reported by Imam Aswad bin Yazid. Imam Aswad bin Yazid's three students - his son Abdul Rahman, his nephew Ibrahim bin Yazid al-Nakha'i, and Imam Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i - narrated this hadith. According to Imam Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i, the Prophet ﷺ would sleep without touching water (i.e., without performing ablution). In contrast, both Abdul Rahman bin Aswad and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i narrated that the Prophet ﷺ would perform ablution before sleeping after marital relations. This study investigates which of these narrations is correct and which is incorrect, considering various evidences and other narrations.
بيان خطإ شعبة في حديث "التأمين" دراسة حديثية نقدية
In congregational prayers, there has been a longstanding debate among Islamic scholars since the golden age of Islam regarding whether "Ameen" should be recited aloud (jahran) or silently (sirr) after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha. Each group presents strong arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah to support their position, making it challenging to prefer one opinion over the other. Some hadiths are cited by both sides to substantiate their views, yet their authenticity is questioned based on the principles of hadith criticism. This discussion revolves around such a hadith narrated by Wa'il bin Hujr. There is a disagreement between Imam Shu'bah and Imam Sufyan al-Thawri concerning the chain of narration (isnad) and the text (matn) of this hadith. Imam Shu'bah reports that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said "Ameen" silently after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha, while Imam al-Thawri claims that the Prophet ﷺ said "Ameen" aloud. After examining the evidences and scholarly opinions, researchers have concluded that Imam Shu'bah's narration is weaker, as he made errors in both the chain of narration and the text of the hadith. In congregational prayers, there has been a longstanding debate among Islamic scholars since the golden age of Islam regarding whether "Ameen" should be recited aloud (jahran) or silently (sirr) after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha. Each group presents strong arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah to support their position, making it challenging to prefer one opinion over the other. Some hadiths are cited by both sides to substantiate their views, yet their authenticity is questioned based on the principles of hadith criticism. This discussion revolves around such a hadith narrated by Wa'il bin Hujr. There is a disagreement between Imam Shu'bah and Imam Sufyan al-Thawri concerning the chain of narration (isnad) and the text (matn) of this hadith. Imam Shu'bah reports that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said "Ameen" silently after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha, while Imam al-Thawri claims that the Prophet ﷺ said "Ameen" aloud. After examining the evidences and scholarly opinions, researchers have concluded that Imam Shu'bah's narration is weaker, as he made errors in both the chain of narration and the text of the hadith.
علل أحاديث المسح على الجوربين (دراسة نقدية)
According to the verse of Wudu (ablution) in the Qur'an, washing (ghasl) the feet is the prescribed act. Any deviation from the apparent meaning of the Qur'an should only be based on mutawatir (widely transmitted) or mashhoor (well-known) hadith. Therefore, within the Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jama'ah (the Sunni community), it is permissible to wipe over the leather socks (khuffain) under specific conditions, as this practice is established by mutawatir hadith. A group of scholars also permits wiping over regular socks (jawrabain), citing certain hadiths as evidence. When a layperson examines these hadiths, the apparent correctness of their chains of transmission and the number of narrations might lead them to believe that these hadiths are authentic and reliable. However, in reality, the situation is different. This research aims to reveal the weaknesses and deficiencies of these hadiths, highlighting their lack of authenticity.
The First Phase of Constitutionalism in Afghanistan
Constitutionalism first started in the West, especially in the UK (Great Charter), the United States of America, and then in France. The first constitution in the world was adopted in the United States in 1789 and then in France in 1791, later on, the process expanded to the rest of Europe and later to Asia and Africa. While Afghanistan tried to exercise the phenomena in the second half of the 19th century, British aggression stopped the process. In 1903 some teachers of Habibya High School established a constitutional movement. They started a struggle with the government to adopt a constitution for the country, unfortunately, the movement was dismissed when its key members were killed by Amir Habibullah in 1906. This paper talks about the history and meaning of constitutionalism, the constitutional movement, and its various groups, goals, and some internal & external reasons that motivated and accelerated the movement in Afghanistan. The findings of this article show that, despite of severe situation in the country, various internal and external obstacles in the way of constitutional movement, and a lot of sacrifices, the constitutional movement’s members, finally changed the situation and the tree of constitutionalism gave fruit and Afghanistan got independence and exercised constitution for the first time.
Constitutionalism, Afghanistan, First phase
The nurturing and development of today's children are crucial for the future of a nation, as emphasized by the saying "Today's child is tomorrow's man." Islamic children's literature has emerged as a sophisticated and compassionate tool to shape the youth into responsible adults. This genre, rich in various art forms like stories, plays, and anthems, aims to influence and captivate young minds effectively­­­­­­­. The fusion of literature with technology has given rise to innovative forms, with digital literature standing out as a significant development. This form leverages digital technologies and data to craft its narrative, demanding both creators and recipients to be adept at utilizing computers and understanding their language and programs. This continuous interaction between creator and audience through digital mediums requires a level of technical proficiency, potentially necessitating the involvement of computer specialists. In today's digital age, children are deeply immersed in digital content and technology, making them receptive to literature presented in a digital format. This shift is attributed to the ease with which modern children engage with technology, viewing it as an ordinary tool. Unlike previous generations, today's children are often more proficient in utilizing technology than their parents, thanks to the communication revolution that has enabled them to form virtual connections and friendships through various digital platforms. This era marks a significant shift where children are not only comfortable with technology but also well-informed and educated, surpassing their parents in certain aspects of technological literacy. The prevalence of social networking sites, text and voice conversations, as well as audio and video interactions, has transformed how children engage with others and access information. Familiar tools like email and mobile messaging further contribute to this digital landscape, shaping the way children interact with literature and technology.
children's literature, digital, technology, computer, modern-day literature, communication revolution, social communication
اسلام کا ضابطہ دیت(خون بہا) اور مقدمہ قتل ہنگام برادر وخشی باغبان در ریاست چترال
All the laws of Islam are important. But the rules of Qisas and Diat are also important in the sense that peace and order are possible in the society. The punitive system of Islam is also important because it has neither extremism nor favoritism like other religious systems. Islam protects human life in every possible way, even the murder deprives the murderer of the deceased's Inheritance. So that no one can kill anyone in the lure of property. Thus, this system of Islam is based on high justice. But sometimes because of its ignorance, or because of the unilateral criticisms of some foreigners, the positive aspects and qualities of Islam are often overlooked. After that, man becomes confused about Islam. Therefore, it was necessary that the details of the criminal system of Islam, especially Diat, should be brought to society so that the reality of the objections raised by the opponents of Islam can be made clear. In this article, the entire incident related to Diat, especially the case of Wakhshi Baghban in the former state of Chitral to the final decision, is mentioned in detail and then a jurisprudential analysis is also presented.
مكانة المرأة ورعاية حقوقها في المنظور الإسلامي:حقوق المرءة المتعلقة بالنكاح والمهر أنموذجا
It is well known that the Islam has provided women with the most advanced rights. Both men and women were created by Allah (SWT). In every aspect of their lives, Islam has ensured gender equality and women's rights. Islam ensures that men and women have equal rights and that there is no any discrimination between them. This study will explain the genuine the instructions and teachings of Islam on women's status, rights related to marriage and dowry, with a particular focus on gender equality in the Islamic perspective. This research is qualitative in nature where only secondary data has been used. Data has been collected from various Islamic scholars books, journals, the holy Qur’an, and the Hadiths of the Prophet (SAW). This research reveals that Islam does not deprive women of their rights, dignity, or status, but that this is due to a lack of basic Islamic knowledge and awareness, as well as the dominance or neglect of several myths that exist in our cultures. The main purpose of the study is to remove and dispel common misconceptions about women's rights in Islam. The main conclusion of this study is that it will play an important role in removing common misconceptions about women's rights in Islam and ensuring women's rights related to marriage and dowry, and status as prescribed by Islam.
The status of women,, Islamic perspective, women's rights, marriage, dowry
مرض الموت میں بیع کا تصور : فقہ اسلامی اور وضعی قوانین میں تقابلی جائزہ
The concept of Bai (sale) is based on Islamic law and revolves around the Fundamental idea of mutual consent and equitable exchange in commercial transactions. Bai' in Islamic jurisprudence refers to the contractual agreement between a buyer and seller where ownership of goods or property is transferred in exchange for a price. It is governed by specific ethical and legal guidelines aimed at ensuring justice, transparency, and mutual consent. Death Illness (marz-ul-mout) plays an important role in matters of financial dispositions such as transactions, will, wakf gifts, etc. The study delves into the regulations that govern transactions when an individual is on their deathbed, a critical period where the potential for unjust advantage-taking is high. Islamic law (Shariah) sets forth stringent rules during this period to protect the rights of heirs and prevent exploitation of the dying person’s vulnerable state. It explores commandments related to this concept within both Fiqh Islami and contemporary laws of Pakistan and investigates similarities and differences between the two. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is an independent sovereign country and it was founded to provide an environment where the Muslims can live according to Islamic Teachings. Through this research paper, we will be able to find out what is the position of our laws and how it compares with Islamic laws.
Bai, Death-illness, Fiqh Islami, Contemporary laws
تقلید کی شرعی حیثیت صحابہ،تابعین ،آئمہ اکرم اور محدثین کی نظر میں
There are three things in Islam: Firstly, to make a clear decision based on the Quran and Hadith, without considering anyone's opinion or fatwa. Secondly, if a decision cannot be made from the Quran and Hadith regarding an issue, then to prefers the decision of the predecessors (Shabah) over one’s own opinion. Thirdly, if one is not aware of the Quran and Hadith, then ask about the issue without hesitation, because this is the true Islam that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought from Allah, and this is what he left the Sahabah with. The more one deviates from this approach, the farther they will be from the truth, and the closer they will be to the truth, the more they will follow this approach
WHY A GREEK FICTIONAL CHARACTER “ANTIGONE” IS HEGEL’S PARTICULAR EXAMPLE OF WOMANHOOD?
Antigone, a Greek fictional character appears in the writings of Hegel as a genuine example of womanhood instead of a factual woman. Focusing on this theme, this article exhibits that the attributes/ role of Antigone qualify(ies) her to take priority over factual women, whenever Hegel mentions women in a particular sense. Her name is brought up in Hegel’s works on politics, phenomenology, and poetry highlighting the experience of her struggle, self-identity, and tragedy, therefore, the structure of the article follows correspondingly, locating her in the various sections of these works: Antigone is attributed as the symbol of “family piety” in politics, as a “sister” in phenomenology and as she honors the attributes of “family piety” and “sister-brother relation”, the “tragic resolution” of her role is staged as suicide/ fate in poetry. After exhibiting Antigone’s character in Hegel’s works, this article concludes its significance by addressing the question: Why a Greek fictional character instead of a factual woman is Hegel’s particular example of womanhood?
Hegel, Antigone, Family piety, Sister, Tragedy, Suicide, Destiny.