نظام اقطاع کی شرعی حیثیت

Iqtaa(transfer of a tract of land)in the light of Shariya

Abstract

When caliph gives out a part of land (populated or non-populated to
his people as a tenement. Such an act of allocating of land is called Iqtaa.. In
some cases, instead of giving out land, only its earnings and revenue were
awarded to some people.
The word Iqtaa is uniquely associated with the Muslims. Its Shariya
authenticity is proven by Sunna and Hadith. Referred to Islamic history, this
practice of Iqtaa initiated in the epoch of Holy Prophet.
During his era, Holly Prophet(PBUH also distributed land as Iqtaa for the
purpose of rehabilitation and also to win the hearts of tribes,(as a good
gesture or engage them. First and second caliphs Hazrat Abu Bakar and
Hazrat Omer also followed this tradition and assigned lands to certain
individuals.
With the passage of time, so many changes were made in Iqtaa and Iqtaa
system gradually started shaping up the form of feudalism. This situation
persuaded contemporary jurists to further improve the idea of Iqtaa. These
jurists aligned Iqta with some terms and conditions in the light of Sunna .
caliph can only practice Iqtaa under these established rules and regulations.
Keeping in view the importance of Iqtaa many Jurists highlighted this feature
in their books and wrote chapters on this subject. They also upgraded and
developed types and format of Iqtaa. One of the prominent names among them
is Al Mavrdi. He categorized Iqtaa in three sections. We will debate on this
topic to explain its value with regard to Sharia