بيان خطإ شعبة في حديث "التأمين" دراسة حديثية نقدية

"A Critical Study on the Error of Shu'bah in the Hadith of 'Ameen': A Hadith Critique"

Abstract

In congregational prayers, there has been a longstanding debate among Islamic scholars since the golden age of Islam regarding whether "Ameen" should be recited aloud (jahran) or silently (sirr) after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha. Each group presents strong arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah to support their position, making it challenging to prefer one opinion over the other. Some hadiths are cited by both sides to substantiate their views, yet their authenticity is questioned based on the principles of hadith criticism. This discussion revolves around such a hadith narrated by Wa'il bin Hujr. There is a disagreement between Imam Shu'bah and Imam Sufyan al-Thawri concerning the chain of narration (isnad) and the text (matn) of this hadith. Imam Shu'bah reports that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said "Ameen" silently after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha, while Imam al-Thawri claims that the Prophet ﷺ said "Ameen" aloud. After examining the evidences and scholarly opinions, researchers have concluded that Imam Shu'bah's narration is weaker, as he made errors in both the chain of narration and the text of the hadith. In congregational prayers, there has been a longstanding debate among Islamic scholars since the golden age of Islam regarding whether "Ameen" should be recited aloud (jahran) or silently (sirr) after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha. Each group presents strong arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah to support their position, making it challenging to prefer one opinion over the other. Some hadiths are cited by both sides to substantiate their views, yet their authenticity is questioned based on the principles of hadith criticism. This discussion revolves around such a hadith narrated by Wa'il bin Hujr. There is a disagreement between Imam Shu'bah and Imam Sufyan al-Thawri concerning the chain of narration (isnad) and the text (matn) of this hadith. Imam Shu'bah reports that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said "Ameen" silently after reciting Surah Al-Fatiha, while Imam al-Thawri claims that the Prophet ﷺ said "Ameen" aloud. After examining the evidences and scholarly opinions, researchers have concluded that Imam Shu'bah's narration is weaker, as he made errors in both the chain of narration and the text of the hadith.