A Cross-linguistic Influence of English-Urdu on Punjabi Language in Pakistan

Abstract

The present study examines how power structures, societal expectations, and linguistic prejudices affect language choices at home, with friends, and in public in the context of the English-Urdu language rivalry.  Qualitative research design was adopted. A sample of 50 Punjabi speakers in Pakistan completed a semi-structured interview questionnaire for this study. Participants were of various ages, socioeconomic origins, and geographies, representing Punjabi language users in various circumstances. The research used Rahman's definition of "power" as a language's capacity to satisfy users. Quantitative analysis evaluates linguistic choices. Results showed that Punjabi is strongly linked at home, according to preliminary studies. All kinds of language expressions are welcome with adaptable friends. Language choices in public are influenced by factors such as formality, social position, and social conventions, which highlights the impact of the English-Urdu competition on language choices. The dominance of English in education, politics, and media and Urdu's cultural importance confuse language usage patterns. The results suggest a balanced approach to language preservation, promotion, and inclusive policy that recognizes Punjabi's cultural value while recognizing English and Urdu's effect on linguistic identity.